NEWS

Tuesday 19th July 2022

L/O:To explore format of a newspaper cover.

tabloid

broadsheet

Friday 20th September 2022

What is News 

L/O: To explore the history of the news industry and the genres of newspaper.

The purpose of news:

-to inform

-to entertain

-to educate 

-to profit

-to influence/persuade

which news source do you use 

wikipedia 

radio ( true)

youtube news (?)

BBC news (true)

BBC sport (trust) 

social media news (?)

 

the difference between printed news and online is that the printed has to be checked and cant be edited however the online news can be edited and not necessarily true.

1)what is meant by 'news was not a spectator sport' is that people shared local news in the town and it was more personal rather than global.

2)the printing press, photography and railways had happened which meant the news started to spread around countries and thats how a business of news happened.   

3)Stephens says this is 'mostly a wonderful thing' is because its quicker news, self publishing news gets everyone news out also you can share and comment, this is also not good because if we can make news ourself it can be fake and too opinionated and since we can comment it can turn into a a very bad turn. People can argue and it could turn violent and countries could turn on them selfs and this is the downside of social media news but it does have a positive side.

In 1965 TVs were invented and newspaper sales went down from 1.4 newspaper per household to 0.4 per household now days. 

We had a class divide in 1960s with the mirror news being for the much lower class and The Times for the rich class. However in 2010 there is a less class divide in news paper and online news have even less class identification. 

  

Tabloid 

softer news 

slang 

a lot of pictures less writing

a lot of gossip

catchy 

softer news about the royalty going to jail 

a lot of picture not much writing

slangs 

Broadsheet

a lot of writing less pictures

no gossip more factual

harder news 

very formal no slangs 

Tabloid 

-The Sun

-The daily star 

-the mirror

hybrid

-The daily mail

-the daily express

Broadsheet

-The Times

-The Observer 

-The telegraph

-the  guardian 

-the financial

-the independant

Tuesday 4th October 2022

Ownership

L/O: To explore the nature and ownership of the news industry.

Biased News - 3companies own 71% of news - potential

Profit - profit > Quality

BBC acts as a balanced views - not profit. TV license- pays for BBC

  less money - BBC competition from SKY and online providers.

What does this suggest is wrong with Media Ownership in the UK?

Since there are 3 big companies that own 71% of news that go around the UK which could mean its Biased. Two of these big companies are making it for profit well most of the news companies are except BBC since they aren't here for making profit, the BBC acts as a balance view point to. 

Scott Trust:

Rupert Murdoch 

Lord Rothermere

Newspapers are NOT PSB (like the BBC) they are commercial publications.

  -Main aim is profit, not to educate, intended to attract reader sensationalised news, not realistic picture. Biased - criticise political parties, rumours.

  -Bad effect on the readers since its changes viewpoints of the audience.

Extension: news influencing opinion

headlines are unreal gossipy 

trying to get the reader to buy the news 

funny picture 

also the free dvd could get people to buy the newspaper

Newspapers and their online publicans (e.g of synergy/convergence) are not legally obligated to provide un-biased public information service. 

-Biased news, fake news which leads to uniformed opinions.

-Cause problems and a divide in society.

There are ethical and moral codes of press conduct but the printed press is self regulatory industry.

these rules get broken a lot in the industry and it isn't many consequences also these companies have a lot of money so it doesn't really effect them and will carry on and even break the law. And since these rules are basically knowing whats right or wrong but you could still do it without consequences.

Its an issue because the news we get aren't true and also they broke the rules and maybe even the law to make these news and a lot of people believe these fake news that we our self don't even know who we should believe. Also no one is stopping them form doing it and also they can get away with it by just a simple apology.

Rothermere- the Mail- 39%

Rupert Murdoch - the sun/times -28%

Reach Plc- star, express, mirror, people, daily record- 16%

David and Fredrick- telegraph- 5%

Scott trust limited- guardian/ observer- 2%

British publishing conglomerate Pearson- the financial times- 2%.

Tuesday 18th October 2022

regulations funding

L/O: To explore the impact of newspaper funding and regulation on the printed press.

How does media ownership contribute to news bias?

-money and profit

-fake news

-same opinions 

-biased agenda

-political

- business interest

-commercial advertising ties

 

observer was bad at some point and abusing the power f newspapers to talk bad about a rival openly. People still do but more slyly since the audience doesn't realise. Also guardian and Observer have different opinions and a range of view point from different people.

worlds oldest newspaper Observer.

left wing good right wing bad 

-The Guardian - left wing 

-The mirror - left wing 

-The Independent - left wing

-The times - centre- right wing

-The telegraph - right wing

-The sun - right wing

-The Daily Express - right wing

-The daily mail - right wing

the owners and politicians have a on and off relationship to benefit each other not good.

How do newspapers make money?

-news 

-fake news for some

-appeal to the audience

-newspapers

- advertising

- print subscriptions / membership

- circulation / sales

- paywall (digital pay)

- sponsored content

 For Regulation:

- To monitor and stop breaches of privacy.

- The press can't see right and wrong.

- Profit over Privacy

-IPSO and IMPRESS

Against Regulation

- Freedom of Press ensures the public are aware of issues. established since 1695

- Allows investigative journalism 

- Freedom of speech

1) What does the term "Free Press" mean?

-the right of newspaper, magazines ... without being controlled by the government.

2) What did the press do to jeopardise freedom of the press that also lost them a lot of credibility/ trust with the public?

- they invaded privacy by hacking into the daughters phone and answering to the voice messages from her parents even though the daughter was dead however this is invading privacy but the press didn't really care how this would affect the family and since there wasn't anyone to regulate their actions the consequences weren't that big. However the Guardian saw this and they tried their best to help the family to win this case.

3) the government did the meeting so they question them and pay for their mistakes which wasn't a lot it was only 6 million when Rupert Murdoch is a billionaire. 

Tuesday 8th November 2022

DIRT

1) What are the arguments for and against regulation for the press? How has the events of the Leveson enquiry highlighted these arguments?

Phone Hacking - For regulations to protect the public.

Justified actions - For regulations need to know consequences 

Leveson Enquiry - For regulations 

IPSO/IMPRESS - regulations set up.

Freedom of press - Against regulations however they are only allowed to report issues that are in the public interest. 

Tuesday 8th November 2022.

Newspaper case study.

L/O: To investigate the Observer/ Guardian publications.

Question 6 [1 marker]

Who owns the Guardian?  - Scott Trust

What political stance do they have? - centre left

How are they regulated?  - self regulation

How do they make money?  - circulations, subscription

They don't have Paywall for their online publications, instead they have a subscription donation system- why do you think this is?

 They feel like everyone deserved access to news, they also care about the interest of the public.

Question 7 [4 marks]

Explain TWO ways that newspaper are funded.

One way newspaper are funded is circulations, but not all of newspaper do this. Its mostly the Guardian which lets you subscribe to them if you wan't to however even if you don't they are still going to let you read the news since they believe everyone should have access to the news.

The other way is Paywall, this way you pay to access the news but you also get adverts. This method is mainly used by the sun/ The times however the sun doesn't use this anymore because they lost readers.

The Sun - Mostly 16-45yrs old ore males: working class, right wing,mainstreamer.

The Guardian - Mostly 35+yrs old equal gender: educated, left wing,progressive.

Daily Mail - 45-65yrs old mainly female: right wing 

Observer Audience

food, art, culture, drink.

2/3 audience is35+.

male to female 55-45 (online) however print is 50-50.

1/3 audience 15-34. (17%)

London and the south. 

Middle and upper. (ABC1)

More liberal (Left wing)

C1- Lower Middle Class

B - Middle Class 

A - Upper Middle Class

1) Convergence - merging traditional and online content together e.g. print newspaper and online/internet newspaper.

2) It applies to the observer because they print newspapers but also they do online newspapers on their website that anyone can access.

3) On Online 17% of their audience is 15-34 years old however on print is mostly 35+ years old due to not a lot of young people buying newspaper and also they are more into technology that older generations. Its also free which means that the younger people don't have to pay. Its updated constantly which means its up to date for todays news so you don't have to wait for it tomorrow to buy, it also allows for more content on the newspaper.

4)Explain how the Newspaper and online versions are similar.

They send the same news as in the newspaper however online they add more news on there due to the wider audience.

5) Explain how online newspapers have changed the relationship between the audience and the producer.

Online you can comment your opinion on there if you agree and disagree which the producer can see all the reviews and they can add some content in the reviewed section of the website and say the people opinion on there. You can also share the article which the producer can see and think oh this is a article that people enjoy.

Active and passive audience.

Passive- Read, accept message of print news.

          - interact - letter - to editor slow turnaround 

Active - comments on the article/page - respond to comments

          -share on numerous outlets discussion forums

          - Questioning

Tuesday 22nd November 2022

Media language.

L/O: To investigate how print newspapers use media language to create meaning.

Advantages to online news.

-Interactivity (good for a active audience)

-Available at any time and place

-free

Disadvantage to online news.

-free- no sales

-once printed cant be changed

-comments inappropriate 

Advantages and disadvantages to online news is that its good for active audience and people can interact with each other and see how people agree and disagree, however most comments might be inappropriate so news have to be careful of these comments. Also its available at any time and place so you don't have to wait around till the next day for newspaper, also its free to see the news online but this is bad for the news industry due to then=m not getting any sale for it.

Media Language:

layout, typography, image, colour, lexis( language).

And how it affects the audience.

Representation:

-How something is presented.

-How is different people are presented race, age, gender, culture...

-Themes politics..

-Ideologies anti-racism/racism, anti-sexism, liberalism.

-How stuff is represented by context such as current political debates and movements.

Tuesday 6th December 2022

Media Language (online).

L/O: To investigate how online newspapers use media language to create meaning.

 Q8:

The masthead is in a serif font with a mix of upper and lowercase used correctly which suggests that they are formal due to them using the capital letters correctly. The serif font in news papers are very traditional and sophisticated style which isn't over the top which suggests that the news paper is serious and trustworthy news that is respected. All of this can be seen just from the masthead of the newspaper also since this newspaper is The Observer this also justifies everything said about the masthead previously, since the newspaper is form The Observer and since they are on the left wing this shows that the audience is well educated and a mix of upper and working class.

Write down the advantages and disadvantages of print newspapers.[4 marks]

advantage- gives news and entertainment

disadvantage- not free

Tuesday 17th January 2023

Historical case study 

L/O: To evaluate the impact of social, political , cultural and historical context on 1960s newspapers. 

Social media - Twitter feed

Use O - reflects the masthead - font and colour palette.

Uses opposite colours from print in the logo/profile and also in the masthead.

social media - (twitter) completely different to the front page of a print version.

colour are present but not as much as much print connotes modern news.

difference between old newspapers and new newspaper.

-there were more main images before.

-no skybox

-more text and articles 

-no colour before

-adverts 

big class divide in 1960s centre left the observer 

The newspapers in 1960s shows us that its not a good time to be alive back then.

If your a woman you don't have rights and you are a sexual object because you need to appeal to the male gaze also you can't divorce only the man can not the woman. Then there is the spy thingy happening where everyone is scared of Russia and getting invaded. Also a lot of racism happening, and 68 Italians dying in a flood. 

Tuesday 31st January 2023

Historical case studies question

L/O: To evaluate the impact of  social, cultural, political and historic context on 1960s newspapers.

The observer cover from 1960s reflect inequality in genders. This can be seen in the headline "Lawyers will urge divorce by consent' Since back then it was more male dominance rather than equality between both sides. Females didn't have many rights and were often mentioned as their husbands wife and not for what they them selfs achieved in their life. A female politician would still be mentioned as her husbands wife rather than a politician. So in 1960s it was normal for woman to be used as objects or just extras to men rather than their own being. Newspapers normally used woman for advertisement for beauty products and food commercials and thats what you mostly saw from woman in newspapers unless presented as a wife of someone. Another headline that shows this is ' Jackie we're happy' since he is getting married and they are just happy for him rather than being happy for both of them. And that is how the Observer cover from 1960s reflect inequality in genders.

4/10 marks

Tuesday 7th March 2023

Exam Format

L/O: To explore the exam format and content for the News unit.

6) Globalisation [1mark]

Broadsheet [1mark]

7) Publishing in print is more traditional for news paper and may appeal more to the older target audience that doesn't really know about online news.

Publishing online its free and this will appeal to the people more since they don't have to pay for reading the news.

Question 8:

social group - is a group of different races, gender, age, position...

8) Politicians  -negative- unprofessional - lexis "broke law" - slang 'porn'

 woman- suits - professional - strong/successful woman 

The Observer shows two social groups the first one is the Politicians. They are viewed in a negative and unprofessional way this can be seen in the lexis ' broke law' and also by the slang word 'porn' since The Observer doesn't use slangs this shows that they did something bad but they also cant follow their own laws. The second social group is woman is more professional since they are wearing suits and they are strong successful woman anyway.

Sentence starters for this question:

The observer represents social groups in the cover, the first social group......

They are presented as  ........

This is clearly seen in the use of........ 

(do this 2 times for both social groups for 5marks)

Theoretical framework:

Language (Media).

Industry.

Audience.

Representation.

make a judgement, look at the theoretical framework and context, media lang, audience.

media language - image, layout, text, colour ...(everything that can be seen)

The Observer- genre Broadsheet - skybox, text:image ratio, 

Judgement- examples- context - audience- end it with going back to the Q.

The Observer is a broadsheet this can be seen with the text to type ratio. This shows that the audience is well educated but there is also two articles and a pull quotes on the front cover.There is one main image about BLM protest, which means that racism is still evident in modern society. Another way you can see that this is a broadsheet is with the sky box since its colourful and also has a variety of news and fits in with out audience interest. Therefor the media language on the front cover of the Observer clearly reflects a broadsheet genre of newspaper.

sentence starters for this type of question:

The media lang on the front cover of the Observer clearly reflects a broadsheet genre of newspaper.

The use of .........

This is clearly shows that..........

Therefor the media lang on the front cover of the Observer clearly reflects a broadsheet genre of newspaper.

Tuesday 21st March 2023

Question 10 Contextual Analysis.

L/O: To explore the structure for Q10 and contextual issues in news.

Two types of wars have happened a big war and a cold war. 

Back then Vietnam war and cold war, now Russia vs Ukraine war and Syria war.

Tuesday 2nd May 2023

Q10 Modern Analysis.

L/O:To explore the contextual issues of news.

Todays news:

-Immigrants 

-cost of living crisis - strikes 

-more multicultural representation -but still racism 

-more gender inequality

-less homophobia - homo is legal. 

-war Ukraine/ Russia

-Celebrity Culture

-Covid 

consumerism - buying things we don't need but want

Q10: Step by step

1. Address the question

2. An example for the observer of the representation created

3. Explain the representation that are created and what this reveals about the context of production

4. Link back to the question

Q10 eg:

Explain how social and/or cultural context influence print newspaper today. Refer to examples form the Observer to support your answer.

Cultural and Social context influenced newspaper today. We can see this in the Observer covers that address the war between Russia and Ukraine. This is shown international issue as Biden is threatening Putin on the main cover image and headline. The lexis 'warns' shows this is a threatening situation. Context influence what is printed and the Observer supports the Ukraine over Russia.

nr.1,nr.2,nr.3,nr.4.

Grade 9 answer :

Q10)Explain how social and/or cultural contexts influence print newspaper today. Refer to examples from the Observer to support your answer.

Cultural and social contexts influence print in the newspaper today. A social thing that is in the newspaper is the Russia vs Ukraine war going on and having two victims to a Russian sniper that can be seen in the main image of them lying in hospital beds and also in the subheading. This shows that the war is causing a lot of pain for everyone and that its doing nothing good. The audience might be a bit emotional from the image. This is a international issue due to the American president giving a warning to Putin about attacking Ukraine the use of lexis shows that the threat is serious and that he isn't messing around. That is how cultural and social context influence print in the newspaper today. 

The cultural context can also be seen in the sky box with multicultural foods and also people. The colour palette is very bright and colourful giving a positive and amazing vibe from it even if the harder news underneath it is very devastating, food is always there to cheer you up. That is how cultural and social context influence print in the newspaper today.