Thursday 3rd November 2022
Television: Industries & Audience
L/O: To research the history, companies & regulations in the Television Industry.
Key words/meanings
Publicly owned TV Channel - Channels made for the public aimed at the public also funded by the public, payed by the government & TV licence
Commercial TV channel - a channel making people buy the product, funded through ads.
Convergence - Merging different technologies into one device e.g Mobile phone.
Watershed - when TV programmes is not good for children, its more adult content (15+).
Segmented market - the fact being able to offer targeted ads on the same advertising space according to audience segments .e.g. tell me who you are, where you live and ill tell you what to buy. Dividing people b their taste.
Mainstream- The mainstream media refers to conventional newspapers, television and other news sources that most people know about and regard as reliable.Mass audience, what everyone knows about.
Self-regulating- it regulates its own content.
Franchise- it involves the licensing of a brand/programme to other parties and partners. Lets other people to use it.
Channel Surfing- changing frequently from one television channel to another.
PSB- Public Service Broadcasting: broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests.Also requires to fulfil certain requirements as part of their license of broadcasting.
TV License- The income from the TV licence fee means all licence payers can enjoy an ever wider choice of BBC programmes and services on TV, radio and online. They need to pay to watch.
Scheduling- Deciding which shows to show at which times.
Conglomerate- a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises.
1) 1936
2) 3 channels were available- BBC1, BBC2 and ITV
3) launched in 1955 as independent Television to provide competition to BBC television.
4) The UK's public service broadcasters (PSBs) are the BBC, ITV, STV, Channel 4, S4C and Channel 5
5) Ofcom
6) Independent Television Authority (ITA) The BBC is self-regulating
7) It used to have Two Channels in the 60s but now there are more
Thursday 17th November 2022
commercial channels
Ways they can make money:
-Subscription
-Pay Per View
-Sponsorship
-Advertising
-Product placement
itv:
Their vision is to be 'more than TV'
- more playful, commercial,anti-citizen
- Non profit.
PSB:
-Broadcast items of national importance.
-Produce a variety of programs for a wide audience.
-Produce accessible content.
1)Number and names of Tv channels.
ITV, ITV2, ITV3, ITV4, ITVBe, and CITV
2)Their product and strategy
We entertain and connect with millions of people globally, reflecting and shaping culture with brilliant content and creativity. Going into digital platforms
3)Other platforms available
ITV Hub, Planet V, ITV Hub+ and BritBox UK.
4)How does it generate income other than advertising.
pay per view, subscription and franchising programmes,advertising...
5) most popular Itv Programmers.
Tv Audiences
L/O:To explain how audiences consume Tv dramas and the appeals.
Appeal to live Tv
-Seeing it first
-Avoiding spoilers
-Second screening (commenting on something live.)
-Audience Interactivity (audience vote)
Theory The Active Audience
Active or Passive audience.
Passive Audience- accepts and believes everything a media text tells them They are easily influenced and don't question any messages conveyed.
Active Audience- interacts with a media text and makes its own decisions about whether to accept and believe everything. They question messages and interpret things differently.
-much more channel competition (channel surfing)
-different platforms available.
Peak time viewing is 6pm - 10:30pm
Audience Rating are measured by BARB
Thursday 24th November 2022
The 1960s
L/O: To research the social, historical and political context of The Avengers.
1960s:
-funky cloths
-paper dresses
-a lot of telephones
-hallucinogenic drugs
-lots of patterns and colours
-the beetles (pop and rock music became a big thing)
the cold war:
-in 1965, Britain was part of NATO (12 western countries together)
-Europe was divided into two armed sides.
-Threat of nuclear war
-1962 the cuban missile crisis took over a terrifying week when two countries took the world to the brink of a nuclear war.
-Espionage- spies to find info about the other side, false info, also double agents, some where found guilty.
1)ITV network produced the avengers (1965) later with ABC
2) mainstream adult audience 8pm
3) 7th January 1961
4)6 seasons
5)21 april 1969
6)£56,000 per episode
Thursday 1st December 2022
The Avengers (1965)
L/O: Research the Tv Show the Avengers.
-John steed one of the main characters.( patrick build the character himself) (use umbrellas to kill no one would expect anything.)
-To show americans how english people are like
-Everyone was upper class
-emma peel the second main character. Represented the youth culture.
-Nothing was normal in the film
-it was the good side of England
-switch between reality and fantasy plots.
-Everyone looked amazing
-it went on for 9 yrs
The Town of no return series 4 ep 1
The narrative:
they cant hide a body properly, no kids to be seen and everyone is dead and the people that are in town are all fakes. tieing people to saddles. 'Look below' takes you to a wear house with weapons and training grounds with swords they also have guns and explosive everywhere.
the characters:
-John steed
-Emma Peel
-Piggy Warren was killed ( the fake has a weird laugh)
-Mrs Manson she's dead as well (the female teacher)
-MR brandon he's dead ( school inspector)
-Tom Smallwood he's dead ( brother of jimmy)
social and culture:
shot in black and white due to not everyone having coloured TVs
tea stereotypical
spies
guns everywhere like in america
cold war fear of invasion.
Thursday 8th December 2022
The Avengers- The Town of No Return.
L/O: To explore the narrative, characters and appeal of Series 4, Episode 1.
Narrative they get sent to this town (little Blazelin) meet jim on the train and he shows them a photo of his brother (Tom) which later find out he's dead and theres a guy pretending to be tom. The dude in the bin bag is the male teacher.
Uses and Gratification theory of Blumler and Katz:
- Personal identity - relate to the characters or theme.
- Information - finding out information about something (news)
- Entertainment - something they find entertaining (Wednesday)
- Social interaction - talking about it to others.
Personal identity - could identify with the upper call role models.
-could identify as a strong woman and the stereotypical British gent.
Information - could gain info about the world of the upper class, info about the world of espionage/spies. Could be reassured that there are highly capable agents protecting Britain form a forain threat.
Entertainment - Distraction form real life, humour, different villain every episodes.
Social interaction - could watch it together as a family( one tv per household)
you feel left out if you haven't watched it, building a personal relationship with the familiar characters steed and peel.
Context
stereotypical and characters:
darts and drinking not liking outsiders very stereotypical British things of the rural town.
They reassured the audiences because they cant hide a body properly and we would be able to find them also they leave clues everywhere, they cant fight properly even in a room full of weapons and explosives. beaten by two people. one with bare hands and the other with a steel hat. The representation of the enemy are shown as really weak because steed overpowers like ten people of the enemy with no 'weapons' except a hat made out of steel.
comedy:
the fight scenes
john steed defeats the enemy with a sword sword and a steel umbrella.
John sits like a kid while emma explains the plot.
piggies moustache on fire to get answers.
Thursday 5th January 2023
Context The Avengers: The Town of No Return.
L/O: To analyse representation and influence of social & cultural context in series 4 episode 1.
How was the stereotypical English Seaside town represented in episode one?
- working class unfriendly/ unwelcoming people.
- blacksmith suggests its old fashioned.
- the fisherman has the hat and jumper also the guy at the pub (with the funny voice) is upper class because he used to be an ex military officer so he speaks formally.
1960s values and attitudes
female roles and inequality
class structure
changing views on sexuality
British manners and traditions
attitudes to outsides
patriarchal society
stereotypical ideas of rural lives
ideological tension - opposing values, ideas and beliefs (e.g. emma peel).
gender - emma peel but she's still sexualised
Anti- stereotype emma peel:
-defeats men
-figures the plot (smart)
- overpowers steed in the facing match.
- equal talking to steed
- she's better at fencing than steed and had to cheat to beat her
"she gust finished writing for the science weekly" shows she's smart.
Stereotype emma peel:
-wears tight clothing showing her figure
- the camera zooms in on her body
- correcting her fencing postures
-going undercover as a teacher
- she drives and steed is in the back
sexuality:
she's called mrs peel instead of miss peel because it wasn't ok to the older gen to have a single woman running around with a single man.
woman needed to watch their weight to look good for men.
class:
they have the accent, she has an apartment with a fire place which shows its modern and steed is the traditional upperclass with the tea and suit with the hat and umbrella.
age:
it was a generational gap and so the avengers had to put both generations in a good light because it was hard to change between the three channels and mostly it had to appeal to a wide generation. steed fought in WW2 so it gives him the respect to the older generation and he's polite and respectful. She's also polite.
ethnicity:
there is only white people no other ethnicity was included this shows the inequality in society remained and it was strong back then.
Notes on the Media Language used in the first clip
-zooming in on peoples facials expressions
- talking fast dude with weird laugh also how people were dressed showed they were upper class
- music was eerie and filled with suspense
- people in the back stereotypical playing darts in a pub.
- the way people talked they were posh but still make jokes.
- men are better than woman
- both females where dressed in a lighter colour
- the zooming on the faces to show tension in the conversation with the head teacher and emma.
Thursday 12th January 2023
The Avengers: Extract Analysis.
L/O: To explore elements of media language and practice how to analyse an extract.
media language for moving image:
-camerawork
-mise-en-scene( setting, props, hair, body lang)
-editing
-sound
Camerawork
canted angle - a tilt
steadicam - hand held footage (documentaries)
shallow focus - one part is in focus
focus pull - changes focus of something to something else
fight scene
shaky movement - to show that its a fight scene but it wasn't hand held since the cameras were too big so it was the closest they can get.
canted angles- to make it feel like you are there.
blocking - where they are putting the characters to show something
-bar,
-big moustache (upper class person)
-old pictures hanged on the wood
-darts, airplane figures hanging, old curtains makes it look like they are in a traditional english pub.
-high key lighting looks friendly and welcoming contrasts with how unfriendly the people are
- blocking ( the two main characters are always in the middle and the others are always against them.)
shot/ reverse shot - series of shots from one person to another, usually used to show a conversation and their reactions between two characters.
non- continuity editing - flashbacks (doesn't happen in the avengers)
crosscutting - two things happing at the same time and they cut the clips until they meet in the middle
cutting on action- to show how strong they are
cut away- cutting on something and then back to the character(s)
cross cut- mainly used on phone calls to show both sides.
jump cut - shows time passing quickly the camera doesn't move
match cut - when the action is similar in one shot and the shot changes but the action is repeated at the start of the shot.
fading in and out - fading in time between shots to show the passing of time.
Thursday 19th January 2023
Diegetic is sounds that can be heard in the scene
non- diegetic that is added after the take.
music- tone
sound effects - made things louder on some sounds.
sound bridge - sounds going to one scene to another
parallel sounds - the sound matching the scene
contrapuntal sounds - the sounds not matching the scene.
music - church music , diegetic music theres a choir and parallel.The music stops when he asks her if she's an imposter and goes silent to make it more realistic.
non- diegetic - when the organ sound plays when he pulls the gun out to make it more dramatic.
Exam Question:
How was camerawork used to create meaning?
-close ups on the faces when they are talking to show their reactions throughout the dialog.
-zooms in on the gun for tension when its revealed that he might be an imposter also danger.
-camera tracking the characters to make it a bit more tension to see the characters next move.
Camerawork has been used to create meaning by the close up on characters faces when they speak important dialogue mainly in the speech of the hint 'below'. This also creates tension because this could be the turn even in the episode .Also high angle shots to show his weakness and for Emma Peel it's a low angle to show she's more powerful while he's dyeing.
Another way is zooming in on the gun and when they are speaking about people being imposters since this was a real thing back then. The zooming in on the gun shows the danger Emma Peel is in and when they are talking about the people in the photo the camera also zooms in.
Lastly the camera tracking Emma Peel when she's with the priest, it creates meaning because it get you wonder what she would do next like is she going to get shot or is she gonna get out it also changes to a mid shot when she takes him down.
Thursday 26th January 2023
Television in 2010s
L/O: Research the 2010s (UK) in terms of social, cultural and political climate of the decade; research TV usage in 2015.
1) Which political party was in power in 2015? who was the PM? What was the relevance of UKIP being so popular?
-conservative,
-David Cameron,
-UKIP were racist ( many British public scared of other ethnicities and religions). Pushed for Britain to leave the EU and closing their boarders.
2) What were the major fears and issues of the post 9/11 era?
-Terrorism
-fear of muslims and islam religion
3) What wars were being fought around the world?
4) What were people protesting about in the UK?
-equality riots
From a 2015 police drama i would expect the police to be shown differently. drugs and organised gangs and riots also knife crimes. variety of races and sexualities. Feminism is viewed differently from 1965.
the trailer of cuffs :
races , sexuality, drama, police being discriminated, comedy, violence and car chase, dangerous police life, personal drama/ life, music and voice over, flames and drugs and money crops.
Scheduling and Cuffs:
Thursday 2nd February 2023
Cuffs: Season 1 Episode 1
L/O: To analyse the narrative and characters constructed in an opening episode.
Ryan- good strict, empathetic, single father of two, good morals
Jake - gay, chemistry lawyer, overwhelmed, mum has cancer, dad is the chief, becomes part of the team, punched the racist dude
Jo- mistress to chief, lonely, good detective,
carl - he knows how to punch, funny,
donna and Lino- best duo, funny jokes, Lino is bilingual comic, Lino always eating
felix- lonely, maybe has home struggles, isolated, good at his job but is socially awkward,
Chief Vickers - cheating on wife, cares about his reputation more than his own son, mean.
Thursday 9th February 2023
Cuffs and Social Context.
L/O: To analyse representation and influence of social and cultural context in cuffs.
How was camerawork used in this clip of cuffs to create meaning.
Notes:
Angles- no clue there aren't many
Movement-the camera is tracking the main characters, also hand held movement, shaky movement when they are fighting.
Shots - mid long shots to show the background but also the characters.
close ups to show characters reaction also on the weapons and when the racist dude got knocked down, mid shot to show action.
How was camerawork used in this clip of cuffs to create meaning?
In the clip they used camerawork to create meaning with movement. In the fighting scene in the house switches to a hand held camera which is shaky to make it seem like you are in that scene yourself; and the other fighting scene as well mainly when Ryan and the person they are trying to catch. They are also tracking the characters to make is only focus on them since its important and trying to get us to think 'whats going to happen next?' kind of thing.
Another way that they used camerawork in the scene is shot types. They use mid long shots whats in the background and surroundings to show that the place is really rough and uncared for. They also used close ups to show characters reactions and faces when fighting, they mainly do this to Jake very repeated to show him that he's overwhelmed and doesn't know what to do and could also bit anxiety. Another close up is on the weapons mainly the knife and screwdriver of the racist dude going against Ryan this shows that he is in great danger an could possibly get badly injured. It also showing us the point of view of Jake in the house with the camera moving in a swift from carl to Jo like how a person would look around to make us feel like we are Jake himself.
Thursday 23rd March 2023
Cuffs and social contexts
L/O:To analyse representation and influence of social and cultural context in cuffs.
Personal Identity - Could relate to some characters with their problems.
Information - What its like to be a police industry.
Entertainment- Police chase and fights and personal drama, humour, escaping reality.
Social interaction- They can talk about it to other people, commenting on social media.
Ensemble cast - a range of different characters in the show.
A change in attitudes towards masculinity. Different male roles presented in a positive light. It can be seen by males being respectful and and a good father that looks after his kids even as a single father. And Jake is doing a good job for his first day event though he missed some of his training.
Traditional 'masculine' and 'feminine' qualities no longer reserved for particular genders. Both females are wearing trousers instead of skirts/dresses which would be the traditional stereotype. Donna is more physically fit than two males. Also Lino is seen as a more less physical person. Ryan is good at taking care of his daughter and brushing her hair.
Jake represented
- He supports the aggression of masculinity this can be seen when he's dealing with his first person( Nathan)
- he is gay but not feminine which doesn't match with the stereotype.
- he is a bit emotional which doesn't fit the masculine stereotype also he's a bit different.
Traditional masculine and feminine
m)He has power- he is respected by his peers and trusted to mentor Jake.
f)He is gentle with members of the public (e.g. drug addict Nathan )
m)He is determined and focused during car chase
m)he responds with courage and determination to the ram- raid call
f)he is emotional when he get angry with Jake
f)he is caring single parent, taking on a maternal role with his kids
m)he bravely confronts the racist criminal.
Jake - caring, anxious(anti-stereotype)
Lino - hungry, funny (anti-stereotype and stereotype)
carl -strong, caring (stereotype)
felix - introverted, awkward (anti-stereotype)
Thursday 30th March 2023
Cuffs and social contexts (continued)
L/O:To analyse representation and influence of social and cultural context in cuffs.
The Hero - Ryan
The villain - Chief Vickers / crime
The Donor - (N/A)
The Helper - Jake
The Princess - arresting the criminals
The Dispatcher - Station Officer
The Princess Father - (N/A)
The False Hero - Donna
Multiculturalism:
-Difference in ethnicity are accepted
-Racism still exists in Britain
-Racist groups represented very negative
-The powerful anti-racist message reflects society attitudes in 2015.
-Not as bad as in the 60s.
Age:
-older people in the pst were seen as more experience, trusted and respected however in cuffs younger people are seem as more energetic and trusted and the older people are less trusted. Cuffs is a bit of both.
Changing attitudes in the Police:
In 2015 public confidence in the police had fallen due to a series of negative media stories over police corruption and budget cuts. This can be seen in the dismissive attitude of the nudist towards the PC Draper at the start of the episode.
In cuffs there is a lot more ethnicities and religions also culture that can be seen. For example Lino is Italian there is also a muslim woman later on in the film; another way that ethnicity was shown is with the character Ryan. In the 60s it was only one kind of race that you could see being represented and also only one sexuality. In cuffs you can see that different sexualities are being represented by having one of the main casts being gay.
However the attitudes towards the police have changed badly since the 60s. In the Avengers the police is respected and trusted but in 2015 the attitudes towards the police have changed badly. The people don't respect them or trust them, riots and strikes where happening, people didn't see the point in the police anymore.
Age and gender have also changed since the 60s. In the Avengers the older people were had more experience and were more trusted and respected; whereas in Cuffs the cast is more younger than in the Avengers but they are still respected and trusted. The gender is more equal in Cuffs and the woman are not sexualised and just seen as human beings. Whereas in the Avengers the woman Emma is wearing very tight clothing that really show her figure.
Thursday 20th April 2023
Exam Preparation
L/O: To review the exam format and possible question types.
You need to remember these
Depict, present, portray, construct,convey, represent- other words for show.
paper 1- 1hr 45mins (including 30mins of viewing time)
worth 70 marks
tv - 45marks 5questions
lego- 25 marks 4question
Q5 on tv is on context.
Q1: 5mark 2 examples with explaining the effect.
-sound
-editing (order of shots and why they did it)
-camerawork
-mise-en-scene
editing notes
cutting from different events to showing the faces of the people
slow motion in the car chase for dramatic effect to also show the risk of danger, the sound slows down as well makes you think something bad might happen but doesn't it also shows the fear in jakes face and cuts onto his face.
crosscutting on the conversation of the guys at lunch to the thief's to show that these two things are happening at the same time but also shows the different sides of being a police officer. Shot reverse shot to show the conversation and this shows the different personalities. They also shows a cctv footage to make you feel like you know more than the police. The pace is more faster during the chase to create more tension and excitement.
Q2: Media Lang and representation. 10 marks 3 examples and explained.
you need to make a judgement (give your opinion if asked) with terminology
a lot/not a lot/sometimes.
-how particular viewpoints have been shown
-how certain groups have been represented.
-how are the audience feeling
-how certain values have been constructed( how have the public reacted)
Q3: Long essay based Q. 15marks 3-4 examples and explained
make a judgement!!!! And terminology
-how povs have been shown
-how certain ideas or values been shown
-how the audience been positioned
-how context has affected the meaning.
use some in you examples (theoretical framework)
media language -
audience -
representation -
industry - before the watershed
Q4: Tv Industry and Audience. 5 marks
(not related to the extract.)
-Scheduling (watershed ) more viewers younger audience are able to watch.
-regulation (ofcom) regulated after because of reviews
-PSB (Public service Broadcast)
-Technology
pies
Personal identity
Info
Entertainment
Social interaction.
Q5: Context. 10 marks 3 specific examples
social, political and historical context about what was going on at that time.
-influence of social context
-influence of political context
-differences between 1965 and 2015.
-effects of context on programming
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